Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles

Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles Research articles are comprised of results accomplished from leading unique research. These outcomes can be acquired through either essential or optional analysis.â Fundamental research includes gathering and catching data legitimately from the source. Auxiliary research incorporates acquiring data from the past looks into done by others and recording it. The basic prerequisite of an examination paper is to search for data identifying with the point, standing firm/side on the issue and giving proof to the position taken in a sorted out way. The goal of the paper is the quintessence of an examination paper. Â A decent research paper shows the discoveries of the exploration in a reasonable and brief way without being stirred up by the wit of the creator. A cook follows a composed formula to set up a tasty dinner. It is likewise the equivalent with the creator. There is a rule/formula that a creator should use for him/her to have an intriguing examination paper. Coming up next is a rule to composing a decent research paper. Choosing the Topic Picking your theme is the first and the most pivotal advance in an exploration venture. Before picking an examination theme, an understudy/creator ought to ask himself/herself such inquiries: Has this theme been examined upon broadly? Is this theme remarkable and convenient? Is it rational with my profession decision? An understudy ought to consistently pick a theme that he/she is intrigued. At whatever point conceivable, the creator needs to pick a theme that he/she is energetic about. For instance, in the event that you are keen on Business Management, compose things that include business issues or development of organizations. Try not to go amiss from your subject. Continuously talk with your companions and instructors about your picked point to get new thoughts. On the off chance that you understand that the theme you picked isn't directly for you, don't spare a moment change. Exploring the Topic In the wake of choosing a subject reasonable for you, you should now begin inquiring about. Research should be possible utilizing a few assets, for example, diary articles, site pages, books, posts on different web journals, meetings, pamphlets, and magazines. You can likewise apply distinctive online research techniques that are notable nowadays. Try not to depend on a couple of sources rather, use in any event five sources. Books ought to be your essential apparatuses to utilize while looking into. Perusing as much as possible will assist you with comprehension and interface things plainly. You will be able to see and seal any provisos in your examination. Break down and Plan Each sort of composing has its own methodology. On the off chance that your exploration gets confused for you, you can set up a flowchart with the goal that you can know all the phases in an arrangement and plan for them. Print out the exploration you have accumulated on the web, feature the key territories in the books you have perused and perused your examination once more. Recognize if your exploration paper is factious or systematic. A factious research paper includes the creator agreeing with a particular stance and contending from that point of view. A diagnostic paper is readied when the writer newly surveys a significant issue. In conclusion, the creator should know his/her crowd. On the off chance that you are writing to individuals who are acquainted with theme, you need not clarify your thoughts utilizing hypotheses. Setting up the Draft of a Research Article Arrange your blueprint. Remember for content references toward the finish of a significant point. Contingent upon your paper necessities, follow the arranging rules in all aspects of your paper. You ought to recognize creators by refering to your exploration paper. This is consistently compulsory. Embeddings your references appropriately will decrease the odds of your paper being dismissed. Setting up the Final Draft Set aside your draft for a day before modifying it for you to perceive any holes. Reevaluate your thoughts and compose again your passages and sentences when updating. Recite your paper for all to hear or have somebody perused it for you. Set up everything utilizing the configuration approved by your establishment. A few colleges have their one of a kind method of arranging papers. Your chief should help you by guaranteeing that the configuration is right and the references all around set before accommodation. To sum up, there are ten phases that specialists experience to guarantee that their exploration article is stunning and engaging to their perusers. The ten stages will help you in making a theory, testing your thoughts and introducing your discoveries: To begin with, consistently pick a point that is directly for you. You ought to appreciate examining and inquiring about it. Furthermore, plan your thesis by making a diagram to arrange and sensibly present thoughts. Third, utilize advances. This imparts to the perusers that you are moving starting with one point then onto the next. Likewise independent your thoughts utilizing sections. Two distinct thoughts ought not be placed in one segment rather, make another passage for an alternate thought. Direct statements ought to be remembered for your thesis. They go about as bits of proof from your sources. The immediate statement ought to demonstrate a point for your subject. 6th, your paper ought to be arranged effectively with the assistance of your manager. Keep on composing your draft so it is sans mistake. Guarantee your examination article has references that are all around put. All sources ought to be refered to. Make an attractive title for your article. Your theme ought to go connected at the hip with your theory. Finally, structure an essential end that ought to demonstrate your point. At our administration, we are focused on giving understudies master look into paper composing help on various points and trains.

Effect Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Impact Fast Food Essay Quick nourishments have become a typical pattern among numerous people. A great many people would consistently say they dont have time consequently choose quick nourishments. With the headway of current innovation these nourishments are made in way that leaves addresses unanswered. In spite of research demonstrating natural food, for example, meat and poultry serve better nutritious enhancements, the vast majority will in general depend on quick nourishments, for example, vanilla and, grill all the more so in U. S. A. (Alexander, 22). There are some negative angles pegged to present day food creation methods in the general public. Present day food creation strategies are exorbitant henceforth it isn't advantageous for poor ranchers since it includes logical information. Disregarding its predominance for about in 13year in U. S. A. the discussion about quick nourishments has become the overwhelming focus in todays conversation. This paper attempts to specify the impacts of quick nourishments that are displayed in our contemporary society. Right off the bat, Modern strategies likewise utilize apparatus which isn't accessible to each rancher on the planet subsequently, it forgets about the poor ranchers as they can't manage the cost of the types of gear required and, it additionally includes overwhelming venture particularly when reproducing certain yields for improving their nutritive qualities. All the while, different components are brought into them. It likewise fabricates the view in individuals that, lone present day created nourishments are useful for utilization consequently, the food sources delivered utilizing traditional strategies are, saw to be of lesser worth. Customary ranchers are accordingly forgotten about with their own produce making them to endure financially (Schlosser, 112). It likewise saw that, nourishments created utilizing current creations are additionally expensive. Be that as it may, the central issue is the reason the vast majority scramble for them? Correspondingly, there is extraordinary dread on the planet that hereditarily altered nourishments have tremendous antagonistic wellbeing Impacts on people groups wellbeing. Subsequently, present day food creation is currently concentrating on security of nourishments devoured by clients by presenting new procedures and, best in class preparing strategies have been found to guarantee that important supplements are safeguarded. There is an enormous spotlight on security in nourishments being clear in the zone of value norms and wellbeing. Wellbeing prerequisites are of worldwide hugeness along the entire food creation line, from reap of crude materials to capacity of handled nourishments in homes (Wilk, 77). The key concern in this way is smothering the development of undesirable life forms that may ruin food. These activities have impacts on the wellbeing of the general public since; they dispense with the odds of food contamination. Correspondingly, current food creation techniques are additionally progressively centered around meeting explicit dietary requirements for the general public. With the expanded information on the significance of different supplements, diets can likewise be created to address explicit issue as various plant fixings have just been demonstrated to be helpful in sickness avoidance. With the expanding information on the significance of different supplements, diets can be created to address explicit issues. There is a wide scope of food intended to suit the wholesome necessities of different gatherings, for example, the old, hopeful or bosom taking care of moms, newborn children, little youngsters and sportspersons. Such nourishments are portrayed by a fair sythesis of vitality providers as fats, starches and proteins. Moreover, they have mixed drinks of nutrients and minerals made by the present condition of logical information. For some old, they have a preferred position that, similar nourishments may give a fair eating routine and, an adequate gracefully of nutrients. Likewise, basic amino acids and minerals are given without changing long standing propensities. Utilization of current food creation strategies has additionally demonstrated to build the degrees of yield in ranches. Present day techniques lead to high turnout of food creation. There are a few explanations behind the reasons for negative effects of current food creation in the contemporary society. It is apparent that, because of the high information required in the creation, just a couple of organizations will have the option to pool the assets and mastery to do the examinations and creation (Brown, 68). A portion of these organizations are corrupt and, will charge such a great amount on their items since there are less rivals in the market subsequently, being a weight to the general public as they are constrained to pay more. Likewise, there are different analysts who just case to have improved a specific food in type of its nutritive worth yet, it isn't simply to get income sans work. The purchasers don't know about that consequently, they wind up purchasing the items not realizing they have been conned. Also, absence of guideline by governments is another reason for negative effect on the wellbeing. This is on the grounds that, some food delivering organizations won't complete enough investigations while hereditarily adjusting a few nourishments henceforth, may wind up being deadly to the societys wellbeing. In any case, current nourishments have had various positive effects. With the headway of logical information in plants and hereditary building, it is conceivable to present even deliver allergen free plants which are ok for the general public. Hereditary designing is utilized to deliver allergens in sums adequate for logical examination. The principle point is to create assortments which have no prevalent allergens and in this way oblige even touchy customers. Likewise with complex mechanical endeavors, it is conceivable to satisfy wellbeing guidelines while keeping up organoleptic quality. Undesirable smaller scale life forms in nourishments need dampness, unbiased pH esteems, low salt and sugar focus and moderate temperatures to develop. This has called for measures to be attempted to forestall the development of these miniaturized scale creatures significantly after gentle handling conditions, e. g different blends of warmth and corrosive medications. The utilization of innovation on the expansion of antimicrobials, attractive field heartbeats or PC supported structure of gear that is handily cleaned. As warming can annihilate touchy food fixings, for example nutrients, present day beat heat treatment includes extremely short warming mixed with cooling stages. Another approach to battle microbial development is water extraction, as modern microwave drying of organic products or splash drying of milk. Microwave drying offers the upside of moderately low temperatures joined with the decrease of previous dampness levels bringing about saving important supplements and flavors. These days, food demonstrative techniques are likewise being utilized to decide the state of nourishments by checking the temperatures, corrosive substance, nearness of certain metabolic items or, the amount and sort of miniaturized scale life forms in an example of wellbeing controls. Other than traditional practices, for example, physiochemical portrayals, cutting edge sub-atomic hereditary qualities strategies are likewise broadly used to distinguish waste microbes. New tests dependent on atomic hereditary qualities can likewise be utilized to examine a nourishments starting point. Current food creation techniques likewise act emphatically by improving the supportive small scale living beings which contribute both to flavor and safeguarding of food stuffs. Low profit among the individuals in the general public, has prompted pervasion of quick nourishments since, low procuring individuals for the most part would like to buy the quick food sources instead of different food sources to have the option to take care of tabs. It is obvious that, quick nourishments may now and again cost lesser when contrasted with other solid food sources. Likewise, the general public isn't worried in what they eat however are prepared to devour the quick nourishments not withstanding their belongings to their wellbeing (Meeks, 122). The inexpensive food industry is encountering a colossal development and accomplishment because of the changing way of life in the general public whereby, individuals are done doing demanding employments so they wind up favoring quick nourishments. It is likewise clear that quick nourishments are less expensive contrasted with different nourishments so individuals are slanted to get them because of current monetary circumstances. Taking everything into account, the general public these days is a working one where individuals have no opportunity to get ready food henceforth; they like to stroll into cheap food outlets and buy as opposed to investing energy cooking. The general public is likewise encountering changed dietary patterns and, individuals are not all that much worried about their wellbeing along these lines they purchase quick nourishments. There is likewise a developing interest in quick nourishments generally connected to the expanding populace development and furthermore notices. Quick nourishments are additionally addictive and thus once one is utilized to them it is difficult to leave.

Good Persuasive Speech Topics, Persuasive Speech Ideas

Good Persuasive Speech Topics, Persuasive Speech Ideas Good Persuasive Speech Topics, Persuasive Speech Ideas Choosing an interesting and captivating speech topic is a foundation stone of writing. Topics for good presentations must catch the attention of the audience, explain the central idea of your speech and tease your audiences interest. Well chosen presentation topic corresponds to the speakers field of interest and underlines his/her knowledge. That is why it must be carefully chosen. Interesting Speech Topics Gay marriage and gay rights The need of gun control The danger of global warming Why are beauty contests harmful? Physical force of punishing children The influence of television on society Keeping wild animals in zoos Mandatory drug-test for school students 10 easy ways to become happyUsually, students are asked to write an oral presentation without a clear topic. What can be worse than the inability to write your own report because of vague or boring topic? Now it is a commonplace: student is given an assignment to write oral presentation and is not provided with a clear and defined topic and then he/she realizes the failure or unreasonably hard work on a topic he/she is not even interested in or familiar with. Interesting Persuasive Speech Ideas Therefore, lots of students attack web sites which provide ready speech topics and writing help. Students seek for academic assistance with their presentation topics and short essays. It usually results in choosing the easiest speech topics and low grades. Vast majority of these topics are used, re-used and plagiarized, while Innovative Writing Assistance Agency provides you with non-plagiarized essays and presentation topics. If you think that these free topics will help you write your own oral report, you are ready to get into a trap. Whenever you see a free presentation on a website, be sure to ignore it, and write your own presentation instead, or perhaps make an order with our online writing service. Why should you ignore free presentation topics? First of all, they are copied from other sites and you have no guarantee that hundreds of students have not chosen this very topic or even this very presentation for their work. Are you sure that this topic was not chosen by some stude nts of your college or university? Also, think twice before choosing a speech topic. It may occur that you simply do not agree with the idea of such a report. If so, it would be really hard to persuade your audience! Interesting Persuasive Speech Topics In order to write a decent, captivating speech and choose a decent topic, student should possess a lot of knowledge on the subject, originality, basic writing skills and a good command of literary English. And even that is not enough, as every student wants to be the best, he/she has to come up with the best topics as well as be able to prepare the best presentation. And the best report subject for one student may be boring and weak for another. It is obvious that very few people can invent a good presentation subject and create a good work. Though a lot of web sites offer ready tips for speech writing and even free essays, projects and presentations, it is an unconventional task to develop a report topic and write an interesting and up to the mark presentation. To build up a presentation, one should know a lot about the audience, properties of human concentration, and persuasion. Websites with ready speech topics cannot provide you with the kind of help you really need, and Innovati ve Writing Assistance Agency is able to offer example writing, travel essays, and unique example presentations and oral reports! Let our proficient writers help you with your speech topics and custom writing! Academic Writing Assistance Agency provides you with non-plagiarized speeches and speech writing online assistance. It does not matter, whether you need an informative speech topic, persuasive speech topic, demonstration topic, school speech topic, one minute presentation topic, formal speech topic, or any other student speech topic. Our speech writers were specifically trained to help and assist any kinds of speech topics, and literally at the push of the button you will get an unparalleled help with your speech writing. Sometimes students are not satisfied with the quality of writing assistance help. Usually it comes as a result of vague and unclear instructions given to our writers. So, when ordering a speech writing assistance, please ensure that you post clear, full and understandable instructions because, in order to develop a proper and interesting speech topic, our writers need your help. With clear and coherent instructions our team of professional writers will create an exceptional speech topic and/or a speech itself. All of speech topics are non-plagiarized and written from scratch! No websites with ready speech topics are used for our customers oral presentations! So, when you order a speech topic from our company, you can be sure that this speech topic will be written specially for you! We know how difficult it is to generate your own topic, thats why we are ready to assist your writing and help you with your academic career. If you need assistance in writing a speech, you can turn to BookWormLab.com for presentation topic writing help, and receive academic assistance in due time and your minimum efforts. Dont forget that we are here for you to forget about troubles with your academic career and with fraud corporations offering high quality at low prices. We will make sure your presentation sounds persuasive, well-reasoned and captivating, so you may be sure that you will get high grade. Order your custom presentation or descriptive essay now, and Innovative Writing Assistance Agency will show you a great speech topic example and how a really good, non-plagiarized speech is written. You will receive a speech topic and then decide whether you like it or not. After having your speech written you can learn how its done and try to formulate your topic and write your own presentation next time!

The Possibilities of Brave New World in Our Society

The dystopian novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, displays a controlled society where people have a designated position. Everyone is conceived in test tubes and placed in different caste: Alpha, Beta, Gama, Delta, or Epsilon. The upper caste, Alpha, is intelligent and have managerial jobs, where as the lower caste, Epsilon, do the manual labor. The people within the society are conditioned to love, hate, or certain things their caste requires. For instance the Alphas are set to believe that they have the best jobs despite how much work they have, whereas the Epsilons believe their jobs are better because they have to work less than the other castes. The science and technology within Brave New World is what makes this society possible. The science and technology being invented today have the potential to make our real world society end up like the society much like in Brave New World. It all starts with the genetic modification of bacteria leading up to genetically modified humans , and then eventually having children being conceived in test tubes. All these studies, experiments, and inventions being done today are the stepping stones to a controlled society in Brave New World. Genetic modification in our world all started with the genetic modification of bacteria according to Theresa Philips of Nature Publishing Group. After bacteria has been genetically modified it lead up to yeast, insects, plants, and eventually fish. For organisms to be considered geneticallyShow MoreRelatedAldous Huxley s Brave New World1310 Words   |  6 PagesHuxley’s Brave New World is a fascinating and analytical work of fiction warning society of the possibility of a future world state eerily similar to the modern world. It could be argued by the fictional citizens and many others that the World State is in fact utopian. Constant happiness, fulfillment, and instant gratification. However, Brave New World clearly depicts a deteriorating dystopian society. Although by the World State’s citizens it is seen as an impeccable, expedient utopian society, theRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The Brave New World934 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Brave New World there were many interesting things that occurred, but would not be acceptable within today s society. As human have become more civilized the evolution of eugenics, economies, and politics recently occurring events could lead one to believe that humans will eventually have a society like the one in Brave New World . The first example is how every country s economy is in some type of national debt. If major economy were to collapses it will cause a rippleRead MoreSuppression of Individuality in Huxleys Brave New World and Rands Anthem1686 Words   |  7 PagesBradbury book, possesses a stereotypical citizen named Guy Montag. Guy sees the world just the same as any other individual. No true happiness or emotion is ever evoked. In his society, Montag becomes aware that books and other censored items exist in the world, but their presence has no impact on him until a female character enters the story. Talking one afternoon, Montag becomes interest in this female’s opinions on society. He soon concludes that the government is repressing individuality by censoring Read MoreHuxley V. Orwell1015 Words   |  5 PagesBrave New World v. 1984 June 8, 2011 It is no question that both Huxley and Orwell were displeased with our societal norms by their predictions in Brave New World and 1984. However, the two famous novels could not have differed more in their visions of tomorrow. Huxley portrays a nation of pleasure addicted, mindless beings merely existing. Orwell illustrated such a strict regime that the pursuit of knowledge would be banned and our voices would be silenced. Imagine living in a world withoutRead MoreBrave New World Discussion Questions1321 Words   |  6 PagesBrave New World Discussion Questions Question 1: Each novel immerses us, instantly, into a world that simultaneously is foreign and familiar. Establish the characteristics of the society that the author creates and analyze the intricacies (complexities) of the society being presented. In what ways is it like and unlike our own society? In Aldous Huxley’s science fiction novel Brave New World, a distinct society is illustrated. The author depicts a civilization that is specifically based on severalRead MoreWhat An Ideal Posthuman Model Of Moral Enhancement1742 Words   |  7 Pagesis a significant fear coming from the bioconservative ideology, which fears what a posthuman world could look like under a society where human enhancement is considered to be the norm. Prominent bioconservative writers like Francis Fukuyama and Richard Kass believe that a posthuman world with moral enhancement would be very much identical to the society that Aldous Huxley feared in his novel Brave New World. Kass describes the utter dehumanization moral enhancement would portray: â€Å"Homogenization, mediocrityRead MoreIndividualism And Individuality In Aldous Huxleys Brave New World1546 Words   |  7 PagesWaldo Emerson once said, â€Å"To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment†. And how true that is. We learn from a young age that it is better to fit in than stand out and that if one does stand out they will be ridiculed and teased into conforming. Our society stifles individuality and hides how they truly feel in order to fit in. Not only that, but we tend to stifle emotions in our society just as much as individualism. We refuse to createRead MoreBrave New World Vs. Today Essay717 Words   |  3 Pages Close your eyes and imagine a world free of war, suffering and pain; an environment that provides all the necessary luxuries to maintain eternal happiness; one that is stable, friendly, peaceful and enjoyable. In this world, every inconvenience known to man is rid of. We are no longer affected by disease, aging, heartbreak, depression or loneliness; conformity is at hand and stability is achieved. Now envision a world where there is no love, families do not exist, humans are no longerRead MoreHow Far Have the Prophecies of Brave New World Come True?740 Words   |  3 Pagesis a pretty interesting question, because we have to persuade ourselves to think about our society today and how it has changed during the latest centuries. In my opinion are there definitely things in Brave New World that became true, but there are other things that have developed quite different then Huxley has predicted. The government has developed quite different then Huxley predicted. In Brave New World the whole system is based on a powerful and totalitarian government, which controlledRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,

The Negative Portrayal Of Public Relations - 1924 Words

Starting to purse an education in Public Relations, I received a lot of comments like, â€Å" you won’t even get a job, you’re taking a degree to learn how to manipulate people, isn’t that just planning parties?† after a while I’ve came up with some pretty keen responses to these uneducated comments made by uneducated people. When learning I had to do a research paper, I figured what better thing to look into but why the public relations profession is viewed so negatively. My findings? Media. Public relations is viewed so negatively in the media why would people think anything differently? When you type public relations into Google things like manipulator, Sex and the City, and scandal come up just to name a few. In my paper I want to get down†¦show more content†¦The negative portrayal of public relations in media has created a bias for those entering the field and working in the field. This impacts society by giving them a negative view w hen they’re really just uneducated on the profession. My grandmother, being 85 when explaining to her what I was planning to do with my life I made sure that public relations sounded exciting and useful and that stuck with her and that is what she will tell her friends, and our relatives. But for example when someone researches on it and finds only negative things, they will spread that, they will repeat the negative things they read and the key terms like â€Å" manipulator, schemer, controller† will be used and thought of pertaining to the profession. Media has an extreme influence on everyone these days, especially the newer generations to come. Why when looking for a future job would someone follow a path of something people view as negative? As a joke, As a wedding planner with no jobs? Media is ruining the reputation of public relations with its harsh assumptions, its movie characters with their easy, boring, unchallenging careers, and just uneducated people writ ing stories on how they’ve been â€Å"manipulated† by someone in the public relations profession. To begin with, the view of public relations in television shows and movies can have a large

Caesars Leadership Essay Example For Students

Caesars Leadership Essay Selecting a good leader for a country is like setting up a set of dominoes. If the leader does his job correctly the country will be strong, but if he does not become a good leader, the country will topple and go fall. A good leader must be able to make his own decisions because if he cannot make decisions on his own, then he would be considered as a weak leader. The leader of the country has to be able to communicate with the people as well because if he gets the people of the country to listen, then his job would be much easier. Another thing that makes up a good leader is nobility because if he is noble to the countrymen, then there would not be any disputes within the country. Mark Antony, from the play Julius Caesar, has the characteristics of a good leader. Not only is he a confident and noble person, he is also persuasive and that helps in becoming a good leader. Mark Antony would be a good leader of Rome because he is confident, noble, and persuasive. Mark Antony would become a great leader because he is confident. He never changes his mind when he makes a decision and that is good in a leader. When the triumvirate was making a list of people to kill, Antony came across the name of his nephew. Even though it was his nephew that he was killing, Antony said, He shall not live; look, with a spot I damn him. Antony had to kill his nephew because his nephew might have opposed him, and he did not want to take the chance. Another part where Antonys confidence in decision making was when he was talking to Octavius about Lepidus. The triumvirate was made up of three people, Antony, Lepidus, and Octavius, and so The threefold world divided, he should stand one of the three to share it? Antony meant that Lepidus would not be capable of ruling a third of the world, and that he would rather take half and Octavius take the other half. Mark Antonys confidence shows him being capable of becoming a great leader. Along with being confident, Mark Antony would make a great leader because of his nobility towards others. Antony was seen to be noble towards Caesar. The two men were close to each other as a mother and her child. When Caesar died, Mark Antony wanted revenge for Caesar. And Caesars spirit, ranging for revenge, With Ate by his side come hot from hell, Shall stir these confines with a monarchs voice Cry Havoc, and let slip the dogs of war, That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial. Lines 270-275 pg.483 Caesar was like family to Mark Antony and when Caesar was killed, Antony wanted Caesars spirit to rest easier, and so he went to get revenge for Caesar. Besides being noble to Caesar, Antony was noble to the countrymen as  well. When Antony came to give his speech about Caesar at the town, the people were listening to him respectively. Antony knew about Caesars will and he did not have to tell the citizens about it. Since Antony was a good person he read the will and he said To every Roman citizen he gives, To every several man, seventy-five drachams. Being a good person as he is, he read the will as the people wanted so that they would be content. Antonys nobility shows him to be worthy in becoming a good leader for Rome. Along with being confident and noble, Mark Antony would be a great leader because he is persuasive. Since Antony had great speaking skills, he could get people to think the way he wants them to think. After Caesars death, Antony met up with the conspirators and he decided to make them think he would forget about the assassination. He said I doubt not of your wisdom. .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c , .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .postImageUrl , .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c , .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c:hover , .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c:visited , .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c:active { border:0!important; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c:active , .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u64fae4435937db7af2d71dccf6c73a5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Change in Prospero's Character EssayLet each man render me his bloody hand. The conspirators thought that Antony had forgiven them, but the truth was that Antony was going to make the public turn against Brutus and the conspirators. When it was time for Antony to make his speech about Caesar to the countrymen, he used his orating skills and got the countrymen to side with him. The citizens were moved by his speech and said, Well hear him, well follow him, well die with him. The countrymen were listening to Brutus words at the beginning and they were agreeing with what he said. Now Antony had gotten the people to listen to him and follow him. Antony uses his speech skills to win the heart of the crowd and he makes the people feel how he wants them to feel. Something he said was Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. That quotation probably made the crowd want to know more of what Antony had to say, and that was what Antony wanted. So, the ability to persuade people is a very important element in becoming a good leader. A good country should have a good leader, and Mark Antony has the capability of becoming a great leader. He can persuade people into thinking as he does and he is noble to the people of the country. He gives the people a chance to say what they have to say instead of just going on his own beliefs. He is also confident in himself and so whatever he decides to do he does, and does not change his mind. Not only is he noble to his friends, he is also noble to the people of the country as well. With Antony as a leader, the country would not go bad since he is a pers on who does things right. Mark Antony was an honorable and powerful man, and so he would be the greatest leader.

Name Essay free essay sample

The one thing that defines me is, my name. My name to me is special, unique, deferent, and the person I am and will forever be. How many people do you actually know with the name Soppier? Not many IM sure. Considering there are 316,71 9,944 people in the United States of America and there are very few people with my name. You will probably never meet anyone else with my name, and If you do then thats pretty unique its self. My name has become a big part of me, even though not many people know how to say It correctly.Sometimes I never really know when someone Is actually trying to get my attention or not because they dont say It right. People ml-pronounce my name because It Is spelled so differently and Its an Indian cultured name. A lot of people have definitions to their names but If you look mine up, It will tell you It Is not defined yet. We will write a custom essay sample on Name Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Which to me that Just means I can be whoever I want to be and I dont have to live up too name I can make it my own. The cool thing I like about my name is that my dad named me after a girl he went to high school with (Supra Sack).My dad tells me he named me Soppier because e heard her name and thought it was just so beautiful, and knew from then on out he would name his daughter Soppier. Notice that her name is spelled with a u and mine Is spelled with an o. Thats because my dad wanted it to be different and not the same as most. Which makes my name even more me, different. I can honestly say I love my name not only because its so different but because it reminds me of my culture and where I came from in Guyana which is in South America. Some people say my name reminds them of an Indian princess, I like that because I call myself a princess. Why? Cause I am Princess Soppier! I also love my name because its so rare that there is only one of me in all my classes. Unlike some names like; Ashley, Brian, Courtney, Citation, etc. There will never be a confusion on who the teacher is really talking to with my name. Which is great. My name is special to me in so many different ways here you Just heard a few. Spryly is my name, my life, and my identity. It is who I am and who I will always be; deferent, special, ordinary, and unique. So always remember the name Spryly because, the day you meet another girl with that name know you are special.You will never meet anyone like me! Name Essay By blunt_bellflower special, unique, different, and the person I am and will forever be. How many people are 316,719,944 people in the United States of America and there are very few people with my name. You will probably never meet anyone else with my name, and if you say it correctly. Sometimes I never really know when someone is actually trying to get my attention or not because they dont say it right. People MIS-pronounce my name because it is spelled so differently and its an Indian cultured name.A lot of people eve definitions to their names but if you look mine up, it will tell you it is not defined yet. Which to me that Just means I can be whoever I want to be and I dont have to live he heard her name and thought it was Just so beautiful, and knew from then on out mine is spelled with an o. Thats because my dad wanted it to be different and not name because its so rare that there is only one of me in all my classes. Unlike some Soppier is my name, my life, and my identity. It is who I am and who I will always be; different, special, ordinary, and unique.

buy custom Brandeis University essay

buy custom Brandeis University essay Brandeis University was founded in 1948 and named after the Jewish Associate Justice (Louis Brandeis). This university has been in a market for many years. It offers many programs to students from all over the world. The universitys admission does not consider things such as color, race, or location; instead, the students are admitted according to their academic qualifications. It is a private university in America offering research in different fields. The University is located at Waltham, Massachusetts which is only 14 kilometers from Boston away. It enrolls a lot of students from different countries and currently has about 3,200 undergraduate and 2,100 graduate students. In 2011, due to the programs and advancement of education, it was ranked as the number 31 in Americas national university category. Applications Requirement After the universitys application the potential qualification of the student is checked and considered. It is also noticed how the applicant can fit into the studying environment and to grow in it. The university likes to admit students who are innovative to like to challenge their activities. While taking into consideration my skils, it should be emphasized that I was a monitor in a high school and an organizer of students activities. This has assisted me to grow in school and to get the admission. This will contribute to my applications consideration and give me responsibilities which will develop my talent as a leader. I have the three years from a high school and this is one of the requirements for freshmen admission. Students Life The university has many programs which assist students to grow and to feel comfortable in the school environment. The school provides housing and food for all students. There are houses for the students so that I will not have a trouble in finding a place to stay. The University has organizations and clubs which involve all students. I will join the union and assist in development the way I did in my college as the leader of a students union. I used to play in school tennis, table tennis, badminton, and also dedicated my time to the athletic training. The university encourages spiritual life to all students as well. There are churches and unions for all confessions and religions. The university gets involved with the issues of communitys development. They promote locals and provide teachinngs and campaigns on things which can assist the community. Advantage The Brandeis University is of great interest to me and suits best to my personality. All the things which are performed by students support my views of the ideal university. This university also promotes the spiritual life. Moreover, it holds campaign on things which are researched. I am interested in politics and therefore I will be involved in the campaigns and promotions. The games which I like are also played in the university. The University is well positioned. It is located near the main road and in a few kilometers from Boston. The location of the University makes it to have maximum security. The program which I would like to participate in is offered in the university as well. I will have an opportunity to develop my skills and talents. The fee paid for each program in the university is favorable and affordable. Conclusion The University provides the best education and research. There I will get the best knowledge to apply in a work place. The university will assist me to develop my skills, my professional grow and my future career. Buy custom Brandeis University essay

How effectively the systems and processes being deployed within the Essay

How effectively the systems and processes being deployed within the organization have aligned to deliver the organizations performance objectives - Essay Example The paper presents business operations as the function which plans and estimates the day to day activities within an organization. Operations refer to the most important functions in an organization, as it manages all the activities in the organization. Ideally, business operations ensure the following factors. ï  ¶ All internal groups are integrated into the same plan with well prescribed roles and responsibilities ï  ¶ All internal operating groups perform together as one unit, to make sure operational integrity, development of business, risk management and resource management, allocation of resources, and overall the finest practices. ï  ¶ Successful communication among other functional departments within the company. ï  ¶ Participating in business planning for developing strategies. ï  ¶ Working within the constraints of an integrated budget, and combining all fiscal practices, while following other recognized policies, procedures and controls. â€Å"While operations are generally well understood and structured in most large organizations, business operations in many small to medium sized companies tend to be less clear. It is not unusual to see functional lines or boundaries blur together or; departmental responsibility and accountability shared by many people within one organization†. The systems and processes play a very significant role in accomplishing the goals and objectives of the organization. The organizations emphasize in their reports about how much they rely on the operation and systems. The operations of business changes from organization to organization. It concentrates on the volume and character of the business. It depends, whether the company focuses on products or services, and whether the operation is small or large. Here we have accepted SAMBRO International as our choice for the organization analysis. â€Å"Sambro International Ltd is a private company categorized under Hobby, Toy, and Game Shops and located in Manchester, United Kingdom† (Sambro International Limited 2012). It has established as one of the major companies in toy manufacturing in Britain. It is a privately owned manufacturing firm, founded in 1996. The company has two different sections. 1) New World Toys 2) Stocklot. New World Toys produces and distributes their elite certified goods, and their own brand goods. Stocklot is the company which deals in clearaning stock in European and UK countries, through multiple retail channels. Stocklot mainly focuses on the trading of big brands, and children's character merchandise at very low prices. The company keeps growing with its innovative operation technologies and us e of advanced systems, to develop production processes. The processes and systems are executed to attain strategic goals of the industry. The mainly significant thing is that they should make sure that these processes are in line with the envisaged strategic goals. Emphasis on design, execution, and measure are necessary for the improvement of business operations and processes. The cycle of this process is a never ending process and an ever lasting process, as it aims at continuous improvement. Certain steps and taken in designing and executing the right technology based machineries for document supervision, project application, integration, and workflows, to assist process administration and alter process. These are the theories followed by the Sambro International for their uninterrupted flow of production. â€Å"One frequent question is how operations differ from project managers. The main difference is that, project managers are focus on the success of their projects, while the operational wing focuses on the success of the office† (Barry 2010). The Role of Operations in Business: The role of operations within an organization is

Pepsi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pepsi - Research Paper Example The next unit is PepsiCo Asia, Middle East, and Africa (MEA), that includes all snacks, beverages, and food businesses in the region. Lastly, there is Pepsi Europe that includes all snacks, beverages, and food businesses in Europe. The company units comprise of the six segments: AMEA, FLNA, LAF, QFNA, PAB, and Europe. Operations of the company are in United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Russia, and Mexico, with headquarters in Purchase, New York, in the US. Recent acquisitions by the company include complete acquisition of Pepsi Bottling Company in February 2010, and Mabel in Brazil (Mabel produces snacks, cookies, and crackers). Environmental Uncertain PepsiCo lacks vital information concerning the environment, specifically those elements with which the company interacts with like its stakeholders, the population, and others. The most crucial external factor that affects the company is competition from its rival, the Coca Cola Company. Other factors include economic force that inc orporate economic cycles and inflation, political changes in its operation region, regulations changes, technology, and social changes. Pepsi Co Environmental risk expectations PEP acknowledges the stiff competition from rival Coca Cola, which is threatening to creep in and steal the market share of the company. Other risks include vulnerability to changes in economic in its operation base, which may affect the purchasing influence of customers to its products, inflation rates that have been rising consistently affecting its market operation and cost of production. There are also risks of changes in political climate in its market, which may affect its business operations like limitation of quantity of snacks into those regions, and legal changes that may affect some of the legislations associated with its success, or probable addition of more regulations (Daft & Marcic 367). Other concerns arise from the current Europe debt crisis that may have a profound effect on its Europe busin esses, possible changes in laws and regulation that regards beverage bottling, recycling of the bottles, and the packaging material, the company’s capability in managing its brands and business segments properly, and the ultimate goal of maintaining a good corporate image. There is also the issue of environmental conservation, and the probable effects of climate change globally that may affect the company’s raw materials supply. Environmental Statement As a multinational global business, the company relies on natural resources from the earth. In line with expansion strategy of the business in developed and subsequent expansion in developing and other emerging countries, the company strives to use production tolls and methods that are scientifically proven as economically sound and socially responsible to the environment. PEP is committed in its effort to protect earth’s natural resources by innovative use of energy, land, water, and packaging in all its operatio ns. Company stability Being the world’s largest snack food company, and second in producing soft drinks, PEP has established itself as a stable company in the multinationals world. The company has 18 strong brands, whose combined annual sales pass one billion dollars. More than 40% of the company’s sales originate from outside the US. The company maintains

Linux Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Linux - Assignment Example The processor performs the instructed task, then sends the results back to the application via the operating system. Linux is utilized by both personal and business enterprises which makes it feasible for any organization. It is evident that Linux is still highly used in server side. The benefits of open source has been endless for organizations who attempt to save up server costs. Organizations such as IBM have been utilizing Linux for decades now. Around 30% of PCs run LINUX, and 60% of servers run linux. Before understanding Linux, it is crucial to look at how it was developed. In 1991, a gentleman known as Torvalds became curious about OS and invented this system in university of Helsinki. He began to work on his own operating system which eventually became the kernel. Additionally, developers worked to integrate GNU components with the Linux kernel, making a fully functional and free operating system. At that time, the notion of open source system was not fully developed. It was Torvald’s value of OS that lead to development of this. Linux can be downloaded from www.linux.org Linux, which began as only from server side, has also manifested itself as a desktop OS, can also be used on all of these devices.  One of the most unique elements about Linux is the fact that it has many Linux distributions, or "distros". These distros allow end users to manage a remote collection of system software and application software. Just as java has plug-ins and jars, these distros can be d ownloaded and act together as a component which is crucial to developers. Moreover, this allows users to adapt the operating system to their specific needs. These distros are maintained via volunteers and developers who continue to strive to make progress.   Linux can be used in super computers, which is a huge benefit. Linux is fairly easy to use even though it is not object-oriented programming. The  user interface, also known as shell or GUI in modern days is utilized by the

Women and Sports Essay -- Womens Softball

It has taken many years for women to gain a semblance of equality in sports. Throughout history, women have been both excluded from playing sports and discriminated against in sports. Men’s sports have always dominated the college athletic field, but women were finally given a fighting chance after Title IX was passed. Title IX, among other things, requires scholarships to be equally proportioned between men and women’s sports. Although this was a huge gain for women, gender inequality still exists in sports today. An example of this persisting inequality can be seen when looking at men’s baseball and women’s softball. In college, baseball and softball are both major NCAA sports. It is widely accepted throughout today’s society that baseball is a man’s sport, and softball is a woman’s sport. Very few people question why the two sexes are separated into two different sports, or wonder why women play softball instead of baseball . Fewer people know that women have been essentially excluded from playing baseball for a long time. This paper will focus on why softball has not changed the way women’s basketball has, why women continue to play softball, the possibilities and dynamics of women playing baseball with and without men, and the most discriminating aspect of women being banned from playing professional baseball. Basketball was created as a sport in 1891 by James Naismith, and it quickly became popular among both men and women. It initially started with the same rules for each gender, but according to Patricia Cain in her article, â€Å"Women, Race, and Sports: Life Before Title IX,† the rules quickly changed for women. Cain (2001) states that, â€Å"Almost immediately, however, some educators began changing the rules of basket... ...New York: A. S. Barnes and Company. Ring, Jennifer (2012). American women play hardball in venezuela: Team USA battles invisibility at home, is celebrated abroad, and faces gunfire at the Women’s World Cup. Spring 2012 Baseball Research Journal, 41(1). Retrieved from http://sabr.org/research/american-women-play-hardball-venezuela Ring, Jennifer (2009). Stolen bases: Why american girls don’t play baseball. Chicago Il: University of Illinois Press. Shattuck, Debra (2011). â€Å"Women’s baseball in the 1860s: Reestablishing a historical memory.† Nine,19(2), 1-26. Retrieved from http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/nine/vo19 /19.2.shattuck.html Women’s Sports Foundation (2011). Baseball and softball: Should girls and women have to choose? Retrieved from http://www.womenandsportsfoundation.org/en/home/advocate/foundation-positions/equity-issues/baseball_and_softball

Noli Me Tangere

Chapter 1 Captain Tiago had arranged a grand dinner. Many guests come, most of them uninvited. Before the evening meal, people talk among themselves and discuss different issues of interest. In this chapter begins Friar Damaso’s frantic endeavors to prevent Maria Clara’s marriage to Crisostomo Ibarra. He tells Captain Tiago not to go through with the prearranged wedding. Here we find a more detailed and colorful description of Captain Tiago’s sycophancy to the church and its leaders. By means of   the conversation between Friar Sibyla and the ill Dominican priest, Rizal further explains the enmity between Ibarra and Friar Damaso.This chapter does not explain the reason for the gathering. Only in the  succeeding  pages are we told that the dinner was in fact offered in honor of Juan Crisostomo Ibarra’s  return  from Europe. This chapter serves to introduce most of Rizal’s main characters, those that play consequential roles throughout the b ook: Captain Tiago, Friar Damaso, Lt. Guevarra, and Dona Victorina. The gathering was held at the close of October, a few days before All Souls’ Day. Rizal exposed the true character of Friar Damaso early on, how he was vile and cruel and had no regard for the rights and feelings of others whenever he opened his mouth.The comical character of Dona Victorina as portrayed in this chapter, was inspired by a close relative of Rizal, scholars say. Chapter 2 Captain Tiago introduces Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, whose clothes clearly depicted he was in grief. Ibarra is the main character in the story, who has just returned to the Philippines from Europe. Crisostomo warmly greets Friar Damaso who has a good friend of his father, Don Rafael, however the friar denies the existence of this close relationship. Lt. Guevarra approaches Ibarra and welcomes him, adding, â€Å"I hope your fate will be much better than your father’s. When Juan Crisostomo Ibarra arrives at the dinner with Ca ptain Tiago, everyone is shocked. This clearly shows that none of the guests knew the reason for the gathering. In this chapter, Rizal begins the long and consequential battle between Crisostomo Ibarra and Friar Damaso. Ibarra had clearly not expected the friar to greet him so coldly. Crisostomo Ibarra had spent seven years in Europe. He had no idea of the many events that had transpired in his country while he was away. Chapter 3 The guests gather at the dining table. Friar Damaso and Friar Sibyla both rush for the seat at the head of the table.The rest of the seats are occupied, and Crisostomo Ibarra notices Captain Tiago is not seated in any of them. Ibarra offers the Captain his seat, but the latter refuses. This is the time Ibarra realizes that the dinner was in fact arranged in   his honor. Friar Damaso is enraged when Ibarra is served the meaty part of the chicken at dinner, while his was the skinny neck. Soon after, Ibarra leaves the scene without waiting for the arrival o f his love interest, Maria Clara. Friar Damaso is no longer the parish priest of the town of San Diego, but is present at the dinner because he is the confessor of the Captain’s late wife. Chapter 4Crisostomo Ibarra is out for a walk. He notices that there has been practically no change in his town since he left for Europe. Lt. Guevarra joins him shortly, and reminds him again to be careful. Only then does Ibarra find out about his father’s tragic death. In this chapter, Ibarra realizes the reason for Friar Damaso’s cold treatment of him back at the house of Captain Tiago. Then again, even Lt. Guevarra cannot find any reason why the friar would hold a grudge against Don Rafael. The first few paragraphs in this chapter vividly describe Ibarra’s disappointment on the town’s lack of progress while he was away in Europe.Chapter 5 Crisostomo Ibarra settles in Fonda de Lala and appreciates from a distance the lively singing and noise around Captain Tiago ’s house, which could be seen from the hotel window. His ruminates about his poor father’s death, and how life must have been extremely excruciating for him in prison. Meanwhile, at the Captain’s house, Maria Clara arrives. Friar Damaso shows great appreciation for the lady. Also introduced in this chapter is a new character, that of a young Franciscan friar by the name of Salvi, parish priest of the town of San Diego.Most likely Friar Salvi arrived late and so was not able to join the rest of the guests for supper. In order to get a view of this friar’s consequential role in the story, put considerable attention on how Rizal describes his character in this chapter. Chapter 6 Captain Tiago and his wife, Dona Pia, have been childless for years. After consulting Friar Damaso of their predicament, the priest advised them to attend holy mass at the town of Ubando. Shortly after, Pia was with child. However, she had become sickly and troubled for the entire du ration of her pregnancy. She died after giving birth to a daughter, Maria Clara.The child was raised by Isabel, Tiago’s sister. Friar Damaso became her godfather when she was christened. Maria Clara and Crisostomo Ibarra became childhood friends. In the long introduction of this chapter, Rizal addresses various superstitious beliefs in the church as well as several rotten methods in the government during that time. The name of Captain Tiago — Santiago de los Santos — connotes that Rizal intends to use his character to discuss matters of religion. The cause of Dona Pia’s death is intentionally not narrated by detail so as to provoke the readers’ thoughts.Her sickly and tortured state during the pregnancy was actually on account of the guilt she bore of having a child out of adultery. Maria Clara’s biological father is not Captain Tiago, but Friar Damaso. Captain Tiago and Don Rafael had agreed that Maria Clara and Crisostomo Ibarra would one day be married, and that the two men would engage in business together for the sake of both their children. Chapter 7 Crisostomo Ibarra finally finds time to have a private talk with Maria Clara at the azotea of Captain Tiago’s house. This is their first time to meet personally in seven years.They exchange thoughts, and prove to each other that neither of then had forgotten their love. The long descriptions in this chapter should be given considerable importance. They are very clear and poetic. The most important element of this chapter is Ibarra’s letter to Maria Clara, which the latter had kept safely though the passing years. Rizal also depicts Maria Clara’s playful character. She is not like other Filipino women who are overly shy and refined. Chapter 8 From Captain Tiago’s house, after a heartwarming conversation with Maria Clara, Ibarra continues on his way to the town of San Diego.In all of the places he passes through he notices no change in them since he left seven years ago. This is a chapter that describes the country’s lack of progress during those days. Rizal allows the reader to concretely visualize the scenes and looks of the native towns, and is actually one of his greatest contributions to the history and heritage of Manila. There are a lot of passages in this chapter, that abstractly define the principles to be lived by in the ancient day and age, as well as in today’s modern times. Chapter 9 Crisostomo Ibarra comes across the carriage carrying Friar Damaso.Along the way the priest also bumps into Maria Clara and her Aunt Isabel, who were headed to the nunnery to fetch the maiden’s things. Friar Damaso tells Captain Tiago something of utmost importance. Meanwhile, in Intramuros, Friar Sibyla is deep in conversation with an old Dominican priest inflicted with a serious  illness. In this chapter begins Friar Damaso’s frantic endeavors to prevent Maria Clara’s marriage to Crisostom o Ibarra. He tells Captain Tiago not to go through with the prearranged wedding. Here we find a more detailed and colorful description of Captain Tiago’s sycophancy to the church and its leaders.By means of   the conversation between Friar Sibyla and the ill Dominican priest, Rizal further explains the enmity between Ibarra and Friar Damaso. Chapter 10 This chapter describes in detail the town of San Diego. It also goes deeper into the roots of the main antagonist, Crisostomo Ibarra. San Diego is a fictional name. No town existed by that name in the Philippines the time the Noli was written. San Diego may be assumed to be a town situated beside Laguna Lake, since it was along this lake that Elias and Ibarra were chased by the civil guards after having narrowly escaped from prison.We may note that there is always only one descendant in every generation of Ibarra’s clan. All the towns, when they are still developing and building their foundations, have Filipinos for pr iests. Once they reach maturity and achieve progress, Spanish friars take over. Chapter 11 This chapter describes the powerful people in the town of San Diego. Here are the characters that may be said to be in positions of power: (1)  Ã‚   Don Rafael Ibarra (2)  Ã‚   Captain Tiago (3)  Ã‚   The town captain (4)  Ã‚   Friar Salvi (5)  Ã‚   The sacristan mayor (6)  Ã‚   The alferez (7)  Ã‚   Dona Consolacion Chapter 12Burial practices and rituals in the town of San Diego are described in detail. There is also a very long conversation between a gravedigger and Tasyo the Philosopher. In this chapter Rizal introduces yet another consequential character — Tasyo the Philosopher. The reader is conditioned to detest the gruesome and cruel disrespect on the grave of Don Rafael through the exchange of ideas of the two men in the story. Chapter 13 Ibarra visits his late father’s grave. He finds out from the gravedigger that the parish priest had ordered to dig up his father’s remains, which were subsequently thrown into the river. Ibarra leaves, furious.On his way he meets Friar Salvi, the head priest, at whom he shoots verbal attacks and forces to kneel before him for disrespecting Don Rafael’s grave. The priest eventually admits that it was not him but the parish priest before him, Friar Damaso, who was responsible for the shameful act. Chapter 14 Tasyo the Philosopher wandered aimlessly from the cemetery. He had had a  talk  with the town captain, whom he bombarded with superstitious  teachings  of  religion. He had also met the two brothers, Basilio and Crispin, who could not go back home after the sacristan mayor denied   them the freedom to leave the cathedral before eight in the evening.On his way Tasyo passed by  the home  of Don Felipo, whom the latter shared with his wife Doray. Both men discussed the issue of purgatory. Tasyo the Philosopher is one of the most consequential and immortal characters create d in the history of Philippine literature. Don Felipo is also one of the most-loved characters of the Noli. He had great respect and high regard for the old philosopher. That time there was an impending storm. Chapter 15 Despite the storm, the two sacristan brothers Basilio and Crispin had to go up the bell tower of   the cathedral to ring the bells at eight in the evening.Both boys talk about the parish priest’s lost silver. Crispin, the younger one, was blamed for having allegedly stolen the money. The boy was tortured by the priest and the sacristan mayor. Basilio luckily escaped. It is obvious in the way the two boys conversed in this chapter that they were thinking quite maturely for their age. Chapter 16 Sisa patiently waited for her two boys to come home. She had already prepared supper. But instead of Basilio and Crispin it was her husband, a drunkard and a gambler, who walked through the door. He ate all the food, leaving nothing for his sons.He went on a rampage, and left telling his wife that if the boys ever brought home some money she should leave some for him. Minutes later Basilio arrived, out of breath and  bleeding. This chapter is one of the most emotionally stirring in the entire book. Here Rizal clearly differentiates the poor from the rich characters presented in â€Å"All Souls. † At this point in the story, we read about the friars practically hoarding for their own personal indulgence, money that could have benefited two poor boys whose father had left to fend for them. Sisa and her two sons live in a small hut outside town, close to where Tasyo the Philosopher  lives.Chapter 17 Basilio, drenched in blood, falls into his mother’s arms. He tells his mother that Crispin, his little brother, was left at the convent by order of the sacristan mayor. Neither of them had supper. Basilio dozed off and dreamed that the priest and the sacristan mayor had killed Crispin. Sisa is a loving mother, but Rizal describes her w ith a tone of pity for her lack of insight on her sons’ way of life. Basilio is roughly ten years old, and Crispin is seven. However, despite their young age, their characters are shown to have innate wisdom.Basilio tells his mother that Crispin was accused of stealing the friar’s money, but left out the part about the torture. Basilio feels great disappointment, if not hate, for his drunkard father who had no sense of responsibility. Chapter 18 The day sparks up with rumors that Friar Salvi is ill. It is All Souls’ Day, and the streets are filled with people talking about plenary indulgence and all other religious practices and beliefs relating to the holiday. Sisa makes her way to the convent to fetch her son Crispin. She is told that the boy is not there; that the little thief had stolen even more from them, and then made a run for it.Sisa breaks down in tears. In this chapter, Rizal points out yet again all of the many irrational and superstitious practices that consume as if devouring the event of All Souls. It can be sensed in the writing that the author keeps a tenuous thread of indignation while describing all of it in detail. That morning, almost everyone notices Friar Salvi’s bizarre behavior. Chapter 19 The teacher in the town of San Diego accompanies Ibarra to the place where Don Rafael’s body was found, and there Ibarra pays respects to the memory of his father. The schoolteacher mentions to Crisostomo the great help the late.Don Rafael gave in enlivening children’s education in San Diego. The story moves Ibarra, and so he decides to build a school for the kids. This, he says, will do great honor and justice to the memory of his father. The school teacher is one of the six people who attended Don Rafael’s burial. Chapter 20 From the riverside, Ibarra makes his way to the town hall. There people are deciding on the type of celebrations that must be held and organized during the town feast. The older citizens are inclined to having a grand and cheerful celebration.The youth, with the leadership of Don Felipo, are against it. This is one of the most beautiful chapters of the Noli, which discusses one very serious social problem, not only in the old days but also up to the present — feasts. It can be observed that the foul practice of writing on walls has not changed. (Refer to the first paragraph). The captain, before joining in the meeting, has a brief talk with Friar Salvi. It was eleven days before the feast, which was on the 12th of December. Captain Basilio was Don Rafael’s rival in terms of wealth and fortune. Chapter 21 Sisa runs all the way home.She wants desperately to save and protect her sons from the danger that she feels is coming. She comes across the civil guards and finds out   that Crispin was nowhere to be found, and that Basilio had escaped. The guards command Sisa to bring out the friar’s money which his sons had stolen. When she cannot produce it they arrest her. Sisa nearly dies of shame from the piercing stares of the people as she is dragged across town. The alferez eventually releases her, and she goes searching for her lost sons. Still no sign of them. Sisa becomes insane. It was not the alferez but the sergeant who ordered Sisa’s arrest.The mother who loses her sanity looking for her lost sons was created by Rizal from a real-life  character. Sisa’s husband was an upright man in the beginning. He started to become vile and cruel when he became cabeza. Chapter 22 The following days are spent preparing for the town feast. News spreads fast that Maria Clara will grace the celebration with her presence, and everyone is excited to catch a glimpse of the beautiful young maiden. Even Friar Salvi, withdrawn as he is, has changed noticeably since her arrival. Crisostomo Ibarra is away for the last few days visiting the capital.Rumor has it that he is held in prison for attacking the Friar Salvi on All Souls. When Crisostomo and Maria Clara finally have a moment to talk, they agree to have a picnic in the forest owned by the Ibarras. The maiden does not want to invite Friar Salvi, but Crisostomo insists that they could not avoid the priest’s attendance. To be rid of whatever animosity there is between them, Ibarra and Friar Salvi even have a brief talk. On his way home, Crisostomo is approached by Sisa and her husband who are seeking his help. Remember that unlike Crisostomo Ibarra, Maria Clara did not grow up in San Diego.She is only spending some days there on vacation, but lives with Captain Tiago in Binondo. It was November. Chapter 23 It was the day of the picnic. Early in the morning they go on a boat ride across the lake, headed for the forest. Everyone is enjoying the fun and excitement; only the boat driver, Elias, remains silent. As requested, Maria Clara sings a patriotic melody. This stirs the emotions of everyone there, but most especially kindles sadness in t he hearts of Elias and Ibarra. The lake is not a good place for fishing; the crocodile had frightened all the fish away.Elias tries to get rid of the beast but when it nearly kills him, Crisostomo leaps off the boat and takes on the monster, saving Elias’s life. The forest (the intended campsite) is located beside the lake. The playful nature of the young men during that time is clearly described in this chapter. It is most helpful to remember the young men who join in this picnic to more easily understand the coming revolt in response to the charges against Ibarra. Chapter 24 Friar Salvi goes through the mass hurriedly in order to join in the picnic, as Ibarra had invited him.When he arrives he secretly follows the ladies around as they look for a certain bird’s nest. He then proceeds to the picnic area where the fun is. In the middle of all the colorful amusement, the civil guards arrive in search of Elias. Although they are unable to capture the man, the commotion t hey brought with them ends the picnic prematurely. Rizal’s knowledge and interest in botany and zoology are evident in this chapter. Almost all the highly respected and â€Å"honorable† people of San Diego are invited in the picnic, including the alferez and coadjutor. Elias is not from the town of San Diego. He only arrived a few days before.Chapter 25 The day after the picnic Ibarra visits the home Tasyo the Philosopher. They talk about a variety of things — language, history, geography, and nature. They also talk about Elias and how the picnic went the day before. Ibarra learns that it was Dona Consolacion, the â€Å"muse of the civil guards,† who ordered Elias’s arrest. Crisostomo tells the old man the reason for his visit — to ask for advice regarding his plans of building a schoolhouse. Tasyo responds by telling Ibarra that he had come to the wrong person; that he should rather consult Friar Salvi, the captain, and all the other men in office.Asking for their advice, Tasyo says, does not necessarily mean that Ibarra has to follow them, only that the latter must make it seem like he has high regard for their opinion on the matter. Tasyo further advises him to keep his head down among the friars. Tasyo’s house looks almost like a library with all his many books. This chapter has great substance. In contrast to others, where Rizal humorously describes and points out the foolishness of the characters, this one has wisdom as its dominant theme. Here we read about Rizal’s hope of educating his race in the days to come. Chapter 26 Everyone is getting ready for the town fiesta.The streets are bedazzled with colorful buntings, the band is playing the grandest music, and all the kitchens are busy. Crisostomo Ibarra is busy working out the plans for the new schoolhouse. His architect, Nol Juan, observes the unique rafter that will be used to put down the cornerstone. A man with yellowish skin is in charge of b uilding the contraption. Many women and children help out in the project. Even those that are formerly considered â€Å"enemies of the town† extended a hand. Crisostomo Ibarra becomes the role model of the children — the person they would want to become when they grow up.Ibarra reports to Tasyo the Philosopher the obvious success of his new project. The sage in return responds, â€Å"If you are greeted with smiles, be more watchful of enemies hiding in the shadows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Philippine fiestas are for everyone’s enjoyment, friend and foe, rich and poor. This chapter describes in detail how the fiesta is a great opportunity to showcase art, sculptures, tapestries, and many more. Rizal also exhibits in this chapter the Filipinos’ inherent love for music. The rafter holding the cornerstone, and the yellowish man who is building it, are vital to the story. Their purpose in the story can be read in the succeeding chapters.Chapter 27 Word spreads fast acros s Manila about Ibarra’s noble work. Inspired by this, Captain Tiago decides that he wants to put up a convent, financed by him personally. Maria Clara asks permission to go out with her girlfriends and Ibarra. Captain Tiago reminds her to come home early because Friar Damaso will be joining them for supper. Along the way they meet an old leper. Out of pity, Maria Clara gives to the leper her scapular as a gift. The scapular and the leper are one of the elements of the Noli that connect it to the El Fili. Leprosy before was believed to be an incurable disease.Rizal refutes this in his second book, El Filibusterismo, when Basilio cures the leper who, as payment, gives the young doctor Maria Clara’s scapular. Developments in science and medicine today prove that Rizal is indeed correct. Chapter 28 A news reporter describes in the papers how the feast in San Diego was grand, fanciful, and unparalleled. Maria Clara writes to Ibarra, worried because she didn’t see him all afternoon. The rumors of him being sick leaves her extremely troubled. She asks that he visit her the following day. This chapter narrates events through the use of letters exchanged by the characters.It can be observed from the reporter’s writing that he injects his own opinions into the news. Chapter 29 The day of the fiesta starts with the sound of gongs and fireworks. Everyone is dressed at his or her best, with all the ornaments, trimmings, and frills — everyone, that is, except Tasyo the Philosopher. All the people are excited to hear mass, curious to know what Friar Damaso’s sermon will be about. In this chapter Rizal discusses the reason for the christening of the Chinese. This is somewhat related to their endeavors at acquiring Filipino citizenship: It’s all about business.Rizal further describes many more observations regarding religious celebrations in the Philippines, especially in the point of view of the church. Chapter 30 The cathedral is fully-packed with churchgoers. Tasyo the Philosopher argues with the maestro regarding the generous amount of money that Friar Damaso receives for delivering his sermon. The mayor is late, and the mass does not start until after he arrives. Meanwhile, Maria Clara is seated near the altar; there isn’t much people around where she sits because this has been arranged for her by the sacristans as ordered by Friar Salvi.Ibarra situates himself in one corner. The sermon finally starts, and Friar Damaso takes his place in the pulpit. He signals to another priest within his line of sight; this priest dictates the friar’s sermon to him. In this chapter Rizal points out a number of things about the church: (a) the holy water, (b) the huge attendance, (c) monetary compensation for the priest in charge of the sermon, (d) the joining in of children too young to understand the service, (e) the late arrival of some people whose attendance is being waited on, and (f) self-inflicti on of pain as a form of penitence in order to acquire indulgences.Chapter 31 Friar Damaso starts the sermon in Spanish. When the priest makes a certain gesture in the middle his speech, the sacristan thinks that like Friar Salvi, Damaso wants to go on with the sermon in closed doors. After the sacristan shuts the church entrance, it becomes so much hotter inside. As Friar Damaso proceeds with the sermon he goes on to make insinuations about Ibarra, whom he sees seated in one corner. The priest’s dictator becomes lost in his reading, since there are no notes written there regarding such vile accusations against the youth.When time comes to start the second part of the sermon, which is in Tagalog, Damaso does not conduct it very well, thinking that none of the natives understand proper rhetoric. The friar overhears a student in the crowd remark that the priest is probably speaking Greek, and Damaso becomes furious. This ends in a heated argument after the mass. Elias approaches Ibarra right after the sermon ends and whispers, â€Å"During the blessing, do not depart from where the parish priest (Friar Salvi) stands; do not descend down the excavation; do not approach the cornerstone — it is a matter of life and death. This is one of the chapters that contain a number of edited and deleted scenes and lines in other translations of the Noli. The sermon is commonly not given due attention and interest. When this part of the mass starts most of the men head for the exit. However in this chapter, Rizal describes Friar Damaso’s sermon in a rather amusing way. It is obvious that the priest makes no sense whatsoever, ending a statement without making a point, connecting sentences and phrases that have no relation to each other, and the entirety of the sermon lacking focus on the theme at hand.The sermon has two parts: the first one is in Spanish, and the second in Tagalog. Friar Damaso only prepares for the first part, which unfortunately also turn s into a disaster when he inserts insinuating comments about Ibarra. Chapter 32 Nol Juan commends the great workmanship done by the yellowish man on the pulley. When asked where he learned such skills, the youth replies that he was taught by his father who learned it from a Don Saturnino. He then smiles meaningfully. Elias, disguised as a local farmer, observes that the yellowish man is seemingly restless and apprehensive as he holds onto the rope of the pulley bearing the cornerstone.Elias positions himself beside the man in anticipation, and winks at Ibarra to remind the youth of the warning the former gave to him earlier during the mass. Later when Ibarra descends to the excavation, the beam of the pulley suddenly breaks, letting loose the cornerstone which crushes the yellowish man to death, but leaves Ibarra unharmed. â€Å"An unfortunate beginning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tasyo the Philosopher remarks. The yellowish man is most likely suffering from malaria, which was a common disease d uring those days, or a disorder of the liver. Chapter 33 Ibarra heads home to change. Elias arrives. You saved my life before, and now I have returned the favor. There is no need for you to thank me, Sir,† the man says to Ibarra. He goes on to remind him not to hint to those people in power   the warning that Elias gave him earlier in the church. Elias explains that it would be better for Ibarra if his enemies thought he wasn’t ready. Ibarra is stunned; he had no idea he had enemies. â€Å"We all have enemies,† says Elias. â€Å"Disagreement is a part of life. †Ã‚  Elias then confesses to have jumped the yellowish man into the excavation the moment the latter tried to make a run for it.The character of Elias reveals more depth in this chapter. It can be said that he is no ordinary man, but a philosopher. Chapter 34 Ibarra returns to the schoolhouse. He and the mayor are seated on either side of the long table at dinner. Also in  attendance  are Capta in Tiago, the alferez, and the town captain. Captain Tiago receives a  telegram, informing him that the captain general will be visiting his house. Tiago excuses himself right away. The guests observe that Friar Damaso is not in  attendance. Talk eventually centers on the priest’s  sermon  during the mass.Only Friar Salvi remains silent and motionless in his seat. When Damaso finally arrives, the dinner is just about finished. The priest starts declaring insults with the intention of enraging and provoking Ibarra, but the youth remains prudent the entire time. However, when Damaso starts mocking the name of Don Rafael, Ibarra loses his composure and lunges at the priest,  holding  a knife to his throat. Maria Clara stops Ibarra before he could do further harm to the friar, causing the youth to drop the knife and leave the room in haste.The captain general is liberal, and based on the way Rizal introduces him in this chapter, it can be said that he is an honorable man. Chapter 35 News spreads about Ibarra and Friar Damaso’s eventful encounter. There are even rumors claiming that the friar is already dead. There are those who praise Ibarra, like Don Felipo, and those who find fault in the youth’s lack of prudence, like the town captain. Most of the mothers talk among themselves, assured that Ibarra’s soul is surely condemned to burn in hell after what he did to a man of God. There are other women, too, who are on his side.Most of the townspeople think that not only will Ibarra be excommunicated, he is also bound to be labeled a filibuster. Rizal makes use of the characters’ comments on the incident that happened the night before in order to clearly and creatively discuss the focus of this chapter. Chapter 36 Ibarra is excommunicated, as punishment for his cruel and shameful treatment of Friar Damaso. Maria Clara breaks down in tears, and Captain Tiago visits her in the convent. There, Damaso makes clear to Tiago tha t the planned marriage between Ibarra and Maria Clara is to be nullified. The captain general arrives.He calls for Maria Clara, who stays in solitude insider her room. When a man is excommunicated, he is not to be talked to or given notice by all who practice the Catholic faith. Friar Damaso is staying in the convent, which is the reason why he opts to meet with Tiago there. The captain general is staying at Captain Tiago’s house. Chapter 37 The first person the captain general wishes to see is Ibarra. However, since the youth is still to be called upon, his Excellency instead addresses the matter of the youth who had gone into a fistfight with Friar Damaso the day before, after he had insulted the sermon.When the general asks where Damaso is, he is told that the friar is bedridden in the convent. His Excellency then speaks with Maria Clara. He thanks her for having stopped Ibarra from killing the damned priest, and asks her to name the reward she would wish to receive for su ch a noble act. Ibarra arrives shortly, and confers with the captain general. They exchange opinions and ideas, and the general grows very fond of the youth. His Excellency promises to talk with the Archbishop regarding Ibarra’s case so that the latter’s state of excommunication may be lifted.When the general speaks with Captain Tiago he inquires about Ibarra’s marriage with Maria Clara, and offers to be godfather during the wedding ceremony. Lieutenant Guevarra and the captain general are two of the Spaniards that Rizal speaks of highly in his Noli, proof that the novel is not a biased endeavor to attack Spain. Chapter 38 The captain walks together with the mayor, Captain Tiago, and Crisostomo Ibarra. They watch the procession from the captain’s terrace. When the statue of the Virgin Mary passes by Tiago’s house, Maria Clara sings â€Å"Ave Maria† in a melody so sad that would cause one to ponder upon the cause of such melancholy.In this ch apter Rizal lists down his observations regarding the religious practices surrounding Catholic processions during that time, some of which are still presently observed in the Philippines. Chapter 39 In the house  of the alferez, all  the windows  are closed. Inside, servants and workers alike get the ominous feeling that the Dona Consolacion is again conjuring up an evil plan of some sort. Sisa, who was taken into custody for creating social unrest, has been in the barracks for two days now. She hears Maria Clara’s mournful song, and sings a sad ballad herself. The civil guards stay silent, listening.Dona Consolacion hears the woman, and forces the latter to sing and dance for her own amusement. The alferez arrives shortly, and commands his servant to  clothe  Sisa, feed her, give her a suitable bed for the night, and then bring her to Ibarra the following day. Dona Consolacion is one of the most hideous and unpleasant characters created by Rizal. Chapter 40 All the people head towards the town plaza to witness the play. When the show starts the friars are already in their designated seats. Friar Salvi, however, does not see what is happening on stage; his full attention is focused on Maria Clara.After the first half of the play Ibarra arrives. Friar Salvi orders Don Felipo to prohibit Ibarra from watching the play, since the youth has been excommunicated, and his presence would corrupt the celebration. When Don Felipo refuses to follow the priest’s orders, Salvi motions to his companions and leaves. Rizal describes in vibrant detail the indigenous colors, customs, and traditions that surround the night of the fiesta. Chapter 41 While Ibarra passes time in his laboratory, Elias arrives with the news of Maria Clara’s illness. The lady had apparently caught fever.Ibarra asks Elias how the latter was able to stop the riot the night before. Shortly after Elias leaves, Ibarra heads toward Captain Tiago’s house to visit Maria Cl ara. Along the way he comes across Lucas, the brother of the yellowish man who had attempted to kill Ibarra, who asks him for money for his grieving family. Ibarra, aggravated, tells the man to return in the afternoon. Elias becomes like a slave who bids farewell to his master, Ibarra, by disguising his intentions behind questions asking whether Crisostomo had other things he wanted him to do because Elias was actually taking a trip to Batangas.From the day Ibarra saved him from the crocodile, Elias had dedicated his  life  in service fully to the youth. Chapter 42 Maria Clara is ill. Dona Victorina and her husband arrive at Capitan Tiago’s house. Don Tiburcio de Espadana is there on account of the girl, whom he had agreed to treat after Tiago requested for his services (Tiburcio is a Spaniard, who pretends to be a doctor). Together with the  couple  is a young Spanish gentleman, Linares. This chapter recounts how Victorina came to marry her husband, how the latter go t into the pretense of being a man of medicine, and a brief and amusing account of his woes.Here Rizal clearly depicts the true character of Dona Victorina. Captain Tiago’s sycophancy is also shown in this chapter when he nearly kisses the hand of Linares, a man considered to be merely dust in Spain that has been cast away into the Philippine islands. Chapter 43 After Don Tiburcio de Espadana checks on Maria Clara and gives her a  prescription, Friar Damaso arrives and talks with her. The priest is introduced to Linares, and conjures up a plan to arrange the youth’s  marriage  to Maria Clara. Meanwhile, Lucas is formulating a plan to harm Ibarra. Friar Salvi also has plans of his own.The scene where Friar Damaso tears up after seeing Maria Clara in such poor condition shows that still, he has a heart — a father’s heart. Chapter 44 Friar Salvi is alone with Maria Clara for the latter’s confession. The girl begins to feel well after a few hours , and according to Dona Victorina, it was all because of Don Tiburcio’s skill and expertise. Friar Salvi, on the other hand, says that it was because of her confession. When the friar leaves Maria Clara’s room, he appears rather pale and is covered in perspiration. Maria Clara did not have the chance to know her mother because the latter died right after  giving birth  to her.Despite the many guesses as to what truly accounted for Maria Clara’s fast recovery, it was in fact the medicine that Ibarra sent her through Sinang that did the trick. Rizal describes a number of  Catholic  traditions in this chapter. Chapter 45 Just like Elias had told Ibarra, he leaves for Batangas in search of Captain Pablo. He finds the man weak and wounded in the middle of a forest. Elias persuades Pablo to go with him and live a free  life  but the latter refuses, saying that he cannot turn his back from the life he has made for himself, that of a man hunted but still fig hting for his principles and his honor.The allusion â€Å"Pablo† among the rebels in the mountains is coined from the name of Captain Pablo. Elias and Captain Pablo share the same methods of rebellion — spare the innocent. Chapter 46 It is Sunday, and virtually everyone is in the cockpit. Two brothers, Tarsilo and Bruno, are among the audience. They wish to place their bets and join the fun, but they have no money with them. Lucas approaches the two boys and offers them cash, reminding them of the vengeance they have to exact upon those who caused the death of their beloved father and inviting them to join him in a rebellion he is  planning  to start.The boys refuse. Later on, the brothers see Lucas talking to Pedro, the father of Basilio and Crispin. Eventually Tarsilo and his brother decide to join Lucas in his undertaking. According to Lucas, the rebellion is Ibarra’s idea. The boys leave after each getting thirty pesos from the man, agreeing to meet at t he cemetery at eight in the evening. The character Captain Pablo in Batangas is different from the Captain Pablo in the cockpit. Pedro is Sisa’s husband. In this chapter Rizal scrutinizes cockfighting. Chapter 47 While walking with her husband, Dona Victorina flashes her eccentric clothes about town.The de Espadanas pass by the house of the alferez. Dona Consolacion, the alferez’s wife, mocks Victorina, and this ends in a heated argument. To defend her honor, Victorina prods Linares to challenge the alferez to a duel. When it comes to character development, this chapter is at the top of the list. Dona Victorina, Dona Consolacion, Don Tiburcio de Espadana, and Captain Tiago are undying caricatures created by Rizal that have made an eternal mark in Philippine literature. The character featured in this chapter is Dona Victorina. The quarrel between the two women (Victorina and Consolacion) is described in classic satire. Chapter 48The archbishop grants pardon to  Ibarra   and removes the penalty of excommunication. Crisostomo feels a pang of jealousy when he sees Maria Clara with Linares. He proceeds to visit his schoolhouse, which is still  under construction. The architect updates him on the recent progress of the building. Ibarra  spots Elias helping out in the construction, and requests to see the full list of workers. The architect leaves, and  Ibarra  approaches Elias. Elias asks if he could speak with him later in the afternoon by the river, and  Ibarra  agrees. Elias walks away, and Nol Juan approaches  Ibarra, handing over to him the list of workers.Elias’s name is not there. The term â€Å"taguling† refers to a narrow canal where water flows through land. Chapter 49 Ibarra goes to the seaside where he had agreed to meet with Elias. Elias tells him of the purpose of the meeting — to address the concerns and needs of those who are hunted and persecuted. He asks Ibarra to find a way to diminish  the pow er  of the friars and the civil guards. Ibarra refuses. According to him, the friars and the civil guards are â€Å"necessary evils. †Ã‚  In this chapter Rizal explains what it means to love one’s country. It is here that the character of Elias finds more color and depth. Chapter 50Elias narrates his story and the unfortunate lives of his ancestors, upon Ibarra’s request. Sixty years had passed. Elias’s great-grandfather worked as a bookkeeper for a Spanish businessman. When a fire broke out in the workhouse, he was accused of arson and was sentenced to be flogged in the streets. This left him crippled. In order to provide for the family his wife, still  with child, was forced to enter into prostitution. One of their sons turned to thievery and lived the life of a bandit. Their other son eventually  married  a rich woman, and together they had two children — twins — Elias and his sister, who were both educated in Manila.However, the family’s dark past surfaced eventually, and Elias and his sister lost all that they had. The girl  killed herself, and Elias was left alone to wander the streets as a hunted man. Elias’s Family Tree: Chapter 51 Dona Victorina writes to Linares, who is currently still living in Captain Tiago’s house. She tells him that it is imperative that the lad will have already dueled with the alferez after three days. If this plan does not push through, she says, she will tell Tiago of the youth’s lies and pretenses. Ibarra arrives. He secretly asks Sinang to find a way for him to talk with Maria Clara privately.Dona Victorina’s letter is a clear picture of the present condition — the deliberate use of a foreign language in which one is not well versed. Dona Victorina repeatedly speaks and writes in Spanish although her grammar and use of the language is rather pitiful. At present many locals deliberately speak English when they know their skill in it s use requires much improvement. Linares regrets agreeing to Dona Victorina’s demands of pretending to be an honorable Spaniard and secretary to the minister just to gain Captain Tiago’s favor. Now the woman is threatening to reveal all his rotten lies.Chapter 52 The road to the cemetery is narrow; the moon is hiding behind dark clouds. Three men are talking. â€Å"Have you spoken to Elias? †Ã‚   says one. No, comes the reply. But Elias is included because he saved Ibarra’s life. â€Å"He brought my wife to a doctor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  says the first speaker, â€Å"so I consented. †Ã‚   A few minutes later, Lucas arrives and instructs them to attack the barracks and the church. Elias, after spying on Lucas, finds out about the plan that will implicate Ibarra. Chapter 53 News spreads about the flickering lights and the moving shadows in the cemetery.Tasyo the Philosopher, bedridden at that time, converses with Captain Felipo who has recently resigned fro m office. Tasyo wishes the mayor to continue in his fight. They also talk about the issue concerning the trouble with the civil guards, the friars, and the youth. The philosopher predicts his death, which he says will come in a few days. The people presume that it was the souls in purgatory mourning over their dead that lighted the candles in the cemetery. There was only one light that night, from  the match  that Elias used to see his  companions.Tasyo the Philosopher is already weakened by his condition. The original title of this chapter is â€Å"Il Buon Di Si Conosce Da Mattina,† meaning that if the morning is beautiful, the rest of the day will be also. The circumstances of  the present  will reflect what becomes of   the future. It was Tasyo who advised Don Felipo to resign from office when the latter lost against the friars in defending his plans for the town fiesta. Chapter 54 The angelus plays, and people pause to pray. But Friar Salvi continues to walk t oward the house of the alferez. The two enemies talk.Salvi tells the alferez that he had learned through a confession that there was a plan of rebellion ensuing, and that the latter should ready his men. Friar Salvi requests from him soldiers to guard the church. Meanwhile, Elias rushes to Ibarra’s house and explains that the plot had already been discovered, and Ibarra was accused of leading the rebellion. Elias immediately tells him to run and escape, but not before burning all the documents, letters, and any evidence that would implicate him. In one of these letters, Elias discovers that it was Ibarra’s great grandfather who had accused his great grandfather of arson.Elias  lives  for only one purpose: To find and exact vengeance on the descendants of that cruel Spaniard who accused his great grandfather of a crime without any proof, which had then been the cause of his family’s disgrace. He now discovers that the man he was searching for was Crisostomo I barra. Chapter 55 Tiago, Isabel, Linares, and the others, are having dinner at Captain Tiago’s house. Sinang whispers to Maria Clara, who is seated by the piano and had refused to eat. Friar Salvi is pacing back and forth across the living room. Ibarra hears shots fired near the convent. He rushes toward Captain Tiago’s house.When Ibarra returns to his house, the civil guards arrest him. Elias then enters the empty quarters and burns all the evidence that could implicated Ibarra in the failed rebellion. Sinang and Maria Clara’s other friends are aware of Friar Salvi’s affections for the young maiden. The moon does not shine too brightly that night. Chapter 56 A child looks out the window to assess the condition outside, and his mother scolds him. Manang Puti opens her windows, and so does Manang Rufa. The two women talk. They suspect that the rebellion was headed by Captain Pablo. Rumor has it that Don Felipo was arrested.Some say that the civil guards ha d revolted in the barracks, and that Friar Salvi had attacked the alferez. Word spreads that Ibarra had burned his entire house down. They had surveyed Ibarra’s house. They say that the youth was plotting to kill Friar Salvi. Word has it around town that Ibarra is a criminal, and that this was because of his liberal education in Spain. In the characters’ conversations Rizal shows clearly to the readers why rumors always spread fast and grow. It is because every single person who hears the news inserts his own opinions and thoughts and adds it to the original story.Opinions and guesses are quickly taken as facts. Chapter 56 Tarsilo and Andong are persecuted. Of all  the men  who attacked the barracks, they were the only ones who made it alive. Tarsilo declares that he had not once spoken to Crisostomo Ibarra. The only reason he joined the attack was to avenge his father’s death. Tarsilo is tortured. After Tarsilo dies without confessing anything of use, Andon g is questioned. Andong is terrified of his companion’s fate, and says that he will speak. The reason, he admits, why he was there by the barracks was because his in-laws gave him only rotten food and nothing decent to eat.In this chapter Rizal shows the heroic acts of one Tarsilo, a man who knows how to fight and die with honor. It is helpful to remember what Friar Salvi says: â€Å"I do not wish to face them yet†¦ I am not well† in trial when he stands opposite  the men  arrested. Friar Salvi is included in the trial because during that time, the church and the state were linked. Chapter 57 Tarsilo and Andong are persecuted. Of all the men who attacked the barracks, they were the only ones who made it alive. Tarsilo declares that he had not once spoken to Crisostomo Ibarra. The only reason he joined the attack was to avenge his father’s death. Tarsilo is tortured.After Tarsilo dies without confessing anything of use, Andong is questioned. Andong is te rrified of his companion’s fate, and says that he will speak. The reason, he admits, why he was there by the barracks was because his in-laws gave him only rotten food and nothing decent to eat. In this chapter Rizal shows the heroic acts of one Tarsilo, a man who knows how to fight and die with honor. It is helpful to remember what Friar Salvi says: â€Å"I do not wish to face them yet†¦ I am not well† in trial when he stands opposite the men arrested. Friar Salvi is included in the trial because during that time, the church and the state were linked.Chapter 58 The relatives of those caught during the rebellion break down in tears. Aling Doray, with her child, sobs waiting for Don Felipo. Capt. Tinay and the others weep for their sons and husbands. Andong’s mother-in-law speaks out in anger. When the twenty prisoners are taken outside at two in the afternoon, all of them are tied up except for Ibarra. All the people blame him for the dark fate of their lov ed ones in captivity. Ibarra does not have a single friend in the crowd. Not even Nol Juan, the schoolteacher, or Captain Basilio is in sight.From a hilltop, Tasyo the Philosopher watch the prisoners leave. He couldn’t go to them because of his ill health. The following day Tasyo is found dead. Chapter 59 The many corporations celebrate Friar Salvi’s triumphant discovery of the rebellion. The people in the  government  and the church hope for a big promotion of their offices because of the successful efforts to put a stop to the uprising. The friars blame it all on the Jesuits, who they claim had messed with the minds of the youth. Captain Tinong is restless and worried that he might also be arrested simply for being Ibarra’s acquaintance.Word spreads around Manila that all the praises about Ibarra’s schoolhouse are false; it is actually a place for the rebels, a tower of rebellion. Don Primitivo is a caricature created by Rizal, similar to Captain Ba silio and Dona Victorina:   He always speaks in Latin, but people do not understand a word he says. The friars hold a great celebration in honor of Friar Salvi and his discovery of an uprising — through Holy Confession. Chapter 60 Captain Tiago is the only wealthy man who isn’t in jail. Captain Tinong is freed, but is terribly ill and does not want to go out of the house.Dona Victorina, Don Tiburcio, and Linares arrive at Captain Tiago’s house. Victorina and Tiago agree that Linares and Maria Clara wed the soonest time possible, and Tiago immediately attends to the wedding preparations the following day. Maria Clara goes to the azotea and sees Ibarra leap out from a rowboat nearby. Ibarra climbs up the azotea and tells the maiden how he feels she has betrayed her but has nonetheless already forgiven her. Maria Clara stops him, and explains her present circumstances. She swears to Ibarra that she had fallen and will fall in love only once and with him.For a gir l, just like Maria Clara, the love of a mother is of vital importance. Maria Clara knows that it was not confession but the medicine that Ibarra gave her through Sinang that cured her illness. Chapter 61 Civil guards to after Ibarra and Elias on the lake in hot pursuit. Elias jumps off the boat to mislead the men, saving Ibarra’s life. In spite of Elias’s sad fate — no love, no happiness — he still wishes to stay and suffer and die in his motherland. In this chapter is born Simoun of El Filibusterismo, a man poisoned by misfortune and repays it with violence and cruelty to his countrymen.Chapter 62 Many gifts are offered for Maria Clara’s wedding to Linares. Friar Damaso arrives, cheerful. He notices, however, that the maiden is rather pale and distraught. Maria Clara cries on his shoulders and asks him to tell Captain Tiago to call off the wedding. She tells him of her last encounter with Ibarra on the azotea, but leaves out the part about knowing the true story of her birth. She tells Damaso that as long as Ibarra was alive she was willing to suffer, content with hearing the occasional mention of his name.But now that he is gone — she had learned that Ibarra was killed as he tried to escape the guards — she no longer has any reason to suffer. She asks Friar Damaso to grant her permission to enter the nunnery, and, after much hesitation, the priest consents. News has already spread that Ibarra was killed in the lake. Even if a man is of pure Spanish descent, if he is born in the Philippines, he is regarded as lower than those who are born in Spain. Chapter 63 Basilio returns to San Diego to look for his mother, Sisa. This search ends in the forest of the Ibarras, where Sisa dies shortly after recognizing her son.Minutes later, a weak and wounded Elias arrives and orders Basilio to cremate the two bodies (Elias’s and Sisa’s). In this chapter the readers catch a glimpse of the characters that will b e leading the El Filibusterismo, sequel to Rizal’s Noli. The town of San Diego now has a new parish priest and a new alferez. This is one of the saddest chapters in the entire novel. Basilio reunites with his mother but the two of them do not even get a chance to speak with each other. And it was Christmas Eve. Chapter 64 This chapter narrates what happened to the characters following the preceding events.Friar Damaso is assigned to another town. The following day he is found dead. It is suspected that he suffered a heart attack. Friar Salvi frequently delivers sermons at the convent of Sta. Clara where Maria Clara is staying. Captain Tiago drowns himself in gambling, cockfighting, and opium. He lost his will to attend mass the moment Maria Clara entered the convent. Dona Victorina is enjoying the Spanish life even more. Don Tiburcio is frequently found without his dentures. Linares dies of dysentery. The alferez returns to Spain, leaving his wife. Maria Clara is miserable at the convent.